Security

Security

Overview

The effective provision of security and justice is one of the main requirements for a peaceful society and sustained social and economic development. This is particularly important in post-settlement or post-conflict countries, where sources of insecurity may be exacerbated by the actual and anticipated return of ex-combatants, refugees and internally displaced persons to areas of minimal or degraded state presence. Depending on their training, pay, motivation and professionalism, security forces may be part of the solution or part of the problem.

Alert works to connect up the experiences and concerns of those who are the intended beneficiaries of security-enhancing programmes with the donors, policy makers and implementers in order to improve both policy and practice. Working with governments, civil society and community groups to ensure that security and justice is provided is one of the major elements of strategic peacebuilding.

Our objectives are to:

  • Advocate for improved effectiveness of policies and programmes aimed at establishing and improving security and justice in conflict-affected contexts.
  • Ensure that such policies and programmes are grounded in local realities and perceptions of what security and justice means, including a clear understanding of the actors and institutions, state or non-state, that provide or enable security, and how and why various elements of society seek to access justice in different ways.
  • Advocate for a broader range of actors and activities to be considered in the planning, implementation and oversight of justice and security system reforms (JSSR).

Where

Alert’s security and justice team works across the world in association with our country programmes and partners, including in Nepal, Uganda, Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. It also pursues high level advocacy and training in the UK and with EU, UN and other international institutions, donors and peacebuilding organisations.

How

In order to promote a more people-centred approach to security provision and to improve access to justice for all, Alert works with communities, civil society organisations, formal and informal security and justice providers, local and national governments, donor institutions and intergovernmental organisations.

Our research focuses on in-depth participatory research in communities affected by or vulnerable to violent conflict to develop an understanding of security and justice issues and perceptions within their local context. Specific research and cross-learning between contexts allows us to develop a reliable evidence base for our programmatic interventions and advocacy.

In promoting accompaniment, dialogue and communication between stakeholders we seek to broaden the debate to include those who are not typically involved in ‘security’ discussions, for example, women’s groups, civil society more broadly, the aid/development community and business actors.

Building on our research and partnerships, our international advocacy works to connect national, regional and international actors and mechanisms involved in policy formulation with local and national actors and structures involved in security policy implementation and practice.
Training courses are delivered at all levels, from capacity-building of our local partners, community groups and country offices to high-level courses for politicians and security practitioners.

Why

In conflict-affected countries, specific sections of society or even the majority of the population often face ongoing threats to their safety and security which are unlikely to be mitigated in the immediate future. Alert’s approach to the security aspects of peacebuilding is based on our analysis of where these threats come from and why, and how the services and institutions within society address or fail to address them.

Contact Person : 
Katie Ellis
Title: 
Peacebuilding Issues Programme Administrator

Publications

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Case study series summary

This report summarises the findings of a series of case studies which explore the socio-economic aspects of reintegration programmes for ex-combatants in a number of conflict-affected countries where International Alert works: Nepal, Liberia and Uganda. The aim of the series is to stimulate discussions at the local, national and international level about the role that private sector actors can play in the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, and to strengthen practice by developing recommendations for future socio-economic reintegration programmes.

Mon, 01/10/2012
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Oversubscription, financial constraints, unrealistic timelines and a format transposed from other countries with insufficient consideration for the local context were some of the pitfalls of the disarmament, demobilisation, rehabilitation and reintegration process in Liberia. This case study critically explores the effectiveness of the component geared towards providing ex-combatants with long-term livelihood opportunities and psycho-social support. It illustrates the drawbacks associated with limited involvement of the local business community and women’s groups in the design and implementation of the reintegration programme. The study also discusses the importance of community-based initiatives and life-skills coaching, with a view to empowering ex-combatants to not only secure sustainable livelihoods but also contribute to the rebuilding of societies whose social and economic fabric has been disrupted by violent conflict.

This report is part of the case study series, Enhancing socio-economic opportunities for ex-combatants in post-conflict environments.

Mon, 01/10/2012
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This case study discusses rehabilitation efforts in Nepal following the Comprehensive Peace Accord of 2006 and geared towards those ex-combatants who were either verified minors or late recruits (VMLRs). It examines the outcomes of the process and highlights the role that private sector actors can play in the socio-economic reintegration of ex-combatants. The study critically explores the challenges that VMLRs encountered when enrolling in the rehabilitation programme, the vocational training options they were presented with, as well as the inhibiting factors which impacted on their ability to find gainful employment and attain sustainable livelihoods upon graduation. It highlights the tensions between ex-combatants’ immediate versus long-term interests, the need to align training modules with local market realities, and the barriers that misinformation and suspicion within the business community can pose to reintegration processes.

This report is part of the case study series, Enhancing socio-economic opportunities for ex-combatants in post-conflict environments.

Mon, 01/10/2012
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The case of northern Uganda illustrates the difficulties of socio-economic reintegration faced not only by ex-combatants, but also by IDPs and war-affected youth in the post-conflict environment. It discusses the marginalisation of former abductees in particular, with a focus on the specific challenges that the reintegration process posed for girls and women. The study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach, and of extending support to receiving communities so as to facilitate the return of former combatants and war-affected youth more generally. It furthermore highlights the potential of private sector actors to contribute to the design of socio-economic reintegration processes which are linked to realistic livelihood opportunities, and the need for donor interventions to provide long-term, sustainable support to beneficiaries.

This report is part of the case study series, Enhancing socio-economic opportunities for ex-combatants in post-conflict environments.

Mon, 01/10/2012
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Reconciliation and reintegration in Rwanda

This report looks at the reconciliation and reintegration of genocide survivors, former combatants, ex-prisoners and youth in Rwanda, and what lessons can be learned from the experience.

Wed, 26/09/2012
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From the series "Dialogue through Research", International Alert presents the latest analysis from its Georgian-Abkhaz dialogue process on the North Caucasus factor in the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict context. Since the 2008 war, the Georgian Government has stepped up efforts to establish links with the peoples of the North Caucasus, to draw them into mutually beneficial partner relations. The case for promoting regional stability in the context of unresolved conflicts with Abkhazia and South Ossetia and ongoing instability in the North Caucasus is strong. However, to understand the complexity of the issues, it is necessary to examine the North Caucasus factor from a number of perspectives. This collection of articles examines political and social trends in the North Caucasus, as well as historical and contemporary relations, including the North Caucasus factor in the 1992-1993 Georgian-Abkhaz and August 2008 Russian-Georgian wars.

Thu, 20/09/2012
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Фактор Северного Кавказа в контексте грузино- абхазского конфликта

С помощью серии «Диалог через исследования» International Alert представляет результаты последнего анализа процесса грузино-абхазского диалога [Фактор Северного Кавказа в контексте грузино-абхазского конфликта]. После войны 2008 г. правительство Грузии предпринимает целый ряд усилий для установления связей с народами Северного Кавказа и для привлечения их к взаимовыгодным партнерским отношениям. Имеются веские доводы в пользу укрепления региональной стабильности в контексте неразрешенных конфликтов с Абхазией и Южной Осетией и при отсутствии стабильности на Северном Кавказе. Однако для понимания сложности этих вопросов необходимо проанализировать северокавказский фактор с нескольких точек зрения. В данном сборнике статей проанализированы политические и социальные тенденции на Северном Кавказе, а также исторические и современные отношения, в том числе северокавказский фактор в грузино-абхазской войне 1992-1993 гг. и российско-грузинской войне августа 2008 г.

Thu, 20/09/2012
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South Sudan emerged as an independent nation in 2011 after decades of war. One year later, Alert presents the findings of a wide-ranging Peace and Conflict Assessment. Commissioned by Pact and funded by the Department for International Development, the assessment looks beyond the immediate problems faced by South Sudanese, and proposes a long-term approach to building peace. This means for example working on conflict prevention instead of just conflict resolution, designing economic development strategies which promote peace, giving greater priority to reconciliation, tackling impunity, and promoting a positive and peaceful national identity for the new country born out of war. Engaging women and young people is critical.

Mon, 03/09/2012
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Security and Justice Provision in Post-Conflict Nepal

Sexual and gender-based violence is one of five key security challenges currently facing Nepal. Left untackled, such violence, plus the increase in armed groups; proliferation of small arms and light weapons; rises in crime and political strikes pose a serious risk to the peace process. This paper provides insight into how to strengthen security and justice responses to the principle risk for women in post-conflict Nepal, sexual and gender-based violence. Three broad recommendations are proposed to international donors, particularly the EU.

Wed, 15/12/2010
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Snapshot series 1

This snapshot briefing paper looks at the situation of security and justice provision in Rasuwa district in the central region of Nepal. This sparsely populated mountain district is situated due north of Kathmandu and shares a border with China on its northern side. The security situation in Rasuwa district is fair in comparison to many other districts, particularly those in the Terai where the police struggle to control the activities of numerous armed and criminal groups. In contrast to the Terai districts where levels of gender based violence are extremely high, this district populated by 63.75 percent of Tamang ethnicity has different story to tell. This briefing assesses security and justice provision against this backdrop and outlines implications for national and international policy-makers.

Sun, 14/11/2010
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Snapshot series 1

This snapshot briefing paper looks at the situation of security and justice provision in Mahottari district in the central Terai region of Nepal. Mahottari is a border district where the police struggle to control the activities of numerous armed and criminal groups, and levels of gender based violence are extremely high. This briefing assesses security and justice provision against this backdrop and outlines implications for national and international policy-makers.

Sun, 14/11/2010
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Country Case Study: Nepal

This briefing paper aims to outline priorities for international community support for the effective and accountable provision of security and justice in Nepal. It aims to highlight the need for utilising a participatory approaches in the promotion of people-centred reform of the security and justice system. There is growing political will to address these issues on a national and international level, yet the international community could improve its response with improved coordination and increasing the capacity of local actors to participate in any future justice and security sector reform process.

Mon, 01/11/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Lofa County in northern Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 01/11/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Grand Gedeh County in southeast Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 01/11/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Bong County in central Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 01/11/2010
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National-Level Implementation of Resolution 1325 (2000)

This report reviews different approaches to the implementation of international Women, Peace and Security frameworks, focusing particularly on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. It focuses on how the resolution can be incorporated into concrete policy guidelines and programmatic initiatives and highlights good practices and lessons learnt over the last decades. It is expected that the information and examples contained in the review will support and advance the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of more and stronger Women, Peace and Security action plans that will turn Resolution 1325 into a living reality to improve the situation of women affected by conflict.

Sun, 31/10/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

This snapshot focuses on Rukum, a district in the western hill region at the heart of the Maoist conflict. This briefing examines the security situation in the district four years after the signing of the peace agreement.

Fri, 01/10/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

This snapshot focuses on Dang, a district in the western Terai where political party youth wings are increasingly blamed for exacerbating insecurity.

Fri, 01/10/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project. This snapshot focuses on Bara, a district in the central Terai where the activities of armed groups are contributing to feelings of insecurity.

Fri, 01/10/2010
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

This practice note explains what economic development planners and practitioners can do to support the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants. It will assist you in your efforts to mobilise economic actors to play a constructive role in reintegration processes. The socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants is important and relevant for economic development planners and practitioners as successful reintegration will increase security and stability; both necessary pre-conditions for economic development, business expansion and the reduction of costs and risks of doing business. Simultaneously, economic recovery and business expansion are essential preconditions for successful socio-economic reintegration, as most ex-combatants will need to find employment in the private sector.

Wed, 15/09/2010
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Élaborer des Solutions d’Avenir

Cette note de synthèse a pour but de faire connaître plus amplement la Résolution 1325, en se fondant sur le travail de International Alert dans la région de l’URM au cours de ces dernières années. Le premier chapitre expose brièvement la nécessité d’adapter la mise en oeuvre de la Résolution 1325 à des contextes particuliers, comme la Sierra Leone et le Libéria en situation de post-conflit, et la Guinée souvent exposée à des situations de conflit. Après avoir examiné les questions essentielles et les thèmes prioritaires sur l’ensemble des trois pays, le chapitre suivant esquisse les grandes lignes d’un programme de mise en oeuvre de la Résolution 1325 dans la région de l’URM. Les trois volets composant ce programme abordent les besoins des femmes en matière de sécurité, leur participation politique et la mise en œuvre d’une législation et de politiques visant l’égalité des genres. Cette note de synthèse se termine par les quatre recommandations suivantes pour pérenniser et mettre en valeur le travail effectué autour de la Résolution 1325 en Guinée, au Libéria et en Sierra Leone.

1. (Mieux) tirer parti de ce qui existe : engager le dialogue avec les responsables du système juridique coutumier.
2. Considerer les violences sexuelles et liées au genre : mobiliser les communautés par l’intermédiaire d’agents de changement.
3. Questions économiques : aborder la dimension économique du genre, de la paix et de la sécurité.
4. Passer de la théorie à l’action : investir intelligemment dans la société civile.

  1. Working (better) with what exists: Engage custodians of the customary justice system.
  2. Address sexual and gender-based violence: Mobilise communities through change agents.
  3. Economics matters: Address the economic dimension of gender, peace and security.
  4. From plans to action: Make smart investments in civil society.
Wed, 01/09/2010
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Charting a Way Forward

This briefing note seeks to contribute to the knowledge on Resolution 1325, building on International Alert’s work in the MRU region during the last few years. The first section briefly discusses the need to adjust the approach to implementing Resolution 1325 in challenging contexts such as post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia and conflict-prone Guinea. Based on a brief discussion of salient issues and thematic priorities across the three countries, the subsequent section sketches the contours of a comprehensive agenda for implementing Resolution 1325 in the MRU region. The three components of this agenda are addressing women's security needs, enhancing their political participation, and implementing gender equality legislation and policies. The briefing note ends with the following four broad recommendations to sustain and enhance work on Resolution 1325 in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone:
1. Working (better) with what exists: Engage custodians of the customary justice system.
2. Address sexual and gender-based violence: Mobilise communities through change agents.
3. Economics matters: Address the economic dimension of gender, peace and security.
4. From plans to action: Make smart investments in civil society.

Wed, 01/09/2010
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Empowering Women to Counter Gender-based Violence in Border Communities

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has been one of the major legacies of the 14-year (1989-2003) regional conflict in the Mano River Union (MRU). In response, in 2008 International Alert and its partners designed an initiative targeting war-affected communities in nine border areas of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This Human Security in the MRU project has challenged knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning SGBV in order to reduce perpetration and the stigmatisation of survivors, and provided information, counselling and advocacy in order to guide men and women through prevention and redress actions. This report aims to capture the experiences of the project in the context of work in three interlinked but quite specific country contexts. It looks at the extent of SGBV and domestic violence as experienced in the target communities, details the challenges and best practices of project staff in their attempts to raise awareness and change attitudes and practices, and analyses the particular challenges of providing security and accessing justice (statutory or customary) in the various target communities. It concludes with a series of recommendations for the improved provision of security and justice for women, girls and other vulnerable groups within the MRU.

Sat, 15/05/2010
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Autonomisation des Femmes Pour Répondre à la Violence Basée Sur le Genre Dans les Communautés Frontalières

La violence sexuelle et sexo-spécifique (sexual and gender-based violence : SGBV) est l’une des principales séquelles du conflit régional qui a déchiré pendant quatorze ans (1989-2003) les pays de l’Union du Fleuve Mano (UFM). En réponse, International Alert et ses partenaires ont conçu en 2008 une initiative ciblant les communautés affectées par la guerre dans neuf régions frontalières en Guinée, Libéria et Sierra Leone. Ce projet de ‘Sécurité humaine dans l’UFM’ a remis en cause les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques locales en matière de violence sexuelle et sexo-spécifique afin de réduire la fréquence de ces actes et la stigmatisation des victimes. Le projet a aussi mis à disposition des hommes et des femmes de la région une base solide d’information, d’assistance et de plaidoyer pour les guider vers des actions de prévention et de réparation. Le présent rapport se propose de cerner les expériences du projet dans le cadre du travail effectué dans les contextes respectifs liés, mais assez spécifiques, des trois pays. Il examine l’ampleur de la SGBV et de la violence familiale telles que vécues dans les communautés cibles, expose en détail les défis et les meilleures pratiques du personnel du projet dans ses efforts visant à sensibiliser et à changer les attitudes et les pratiques, puis il analyse les défis particuliers qu’il faut relever pour assurer l’accès à la sécurité et à la justice (statutaire ou coutumière) dans les différentes communautés cibles. Il conclut par une série de recommandations en vue de l’amélioration de l’accès à la sécurité et à la justice pour les femmes, les filles et autres groupes vulnérables au sein de l’UFM.

Sat, 15/05/2010
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This collection of papers by researchers from Georgia and Abkhazia offers an analysis of international engagement in the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict resolution process since the early 90s, with a specific focus on post-August 2008 and the departure of the UN Observer Mission in 2009. Papers assess the impact of non-governmental peacebuilding initiatives, the effectiveness of the ‘Geneva discussions’ co-facilitated by the UN, EU and OSCE, and explore prospects for Abkhaz engagement with the international community. Together, the papers make a powerful argument for the de-isolation of Abkhazia and for continued direct and impartial engagement by both governmental and non-governmental organisations.

Sat, 01/05/2010
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International Alert is seeking to build on previous initiatives to inform and advance EU thinking on the reintegration of ex-combatants into post-conflict societies and economies. This is the second of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. Based on research in Burundi, Liberia and Nepal, it discusses why the lessons of past reintegration programmes are not being learned and what implications this has for future EU disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programming. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in November 2009.

Mon, 01/03/2010
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A Discussion Document

Inter-community violence and successive wars and rebellions have caused large-scale displacement of populations in the Great Lakes region of Africa. And when refugees and internally displaced people return, that can be the pretext for further outbreaks of violence. The displacement of people and also their return can often be exploited by political interests, and even if the people themselves are not being manipulated, rumours and false information can be orchestrated to heighten fears and tensions between communities. All these things are happening to some degree in the east of DRC, particularly at present in North Kivu. This short report is issued by International Alert to warn of the dangers and advocate action that should be taken.

Fri, 01/01/2010
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Understanding And Addressing Key Challenges

International Alert is seeking to build on previous initiatives to inform and advance EU thinking on the reintegration of ex-combatants into post-conflict societies and economies. This is the second of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. Based on research in Burundi, Liberia and Nepal, it discusses why the lessons of past reintegration programmes are not being learned and what implications this has for future EU disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programming. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in November 2009.

Tue, 01/12/2009
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What Role for the European Union?

A major challenge to improving human security and establishing sustainable peace in countries emerging from violent conflict is how to reintegrate ex-combatants into a peacetime society and economy. This is the first of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. It aims to provide a platform for linking a broader range of actors who could be involved in ensuring the related aspects of the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) concept move beyond policy to practice, and to explore what role the EU can play in reintegration. It discusses why socio-economic reintegration is important, what challenges it faces, what approaches are being pursued, and what factors constrain successful implementation. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in September 2009.

Sun, 01/11/2009
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News

A blog by our Secretary General
Comment by Dan Smith for The Huffington Post
Alert held the second Conflict Ideas Forum on 28th January
Rethinking peacebuilding to deal with the challenges of the world today
Calling for a new vision of peace
International Alert is interviewed by US broadcaster PBS
Small grants to support innovative advocacy initiatives
Bringing together local youth and community security providers
What role for the private sector?
International Alert and women get together for peace
Empowering Guineans to prevent and resolve election-related conflicts
Exploring the security implications of climate change in South Asia
Working towards an equitable economic recovery in Nepal
Alert’s research on security and justice in Liberia’s Lofa County
The authors of Alert's new climate change report for ABC News
International Alert's Secretary General on COP 15
Understanding and managing climate and conflict risks
Conflict-sensitive adaptation to climate change
A comprehensive approach to peacebuilding
What role for the European Union?
The double-headed risk of climate change and conflict