Analysis of northwest Nigeria's political, economic and conflict realities: evidence from Katsina and Zamfara states
Northwest Nigeria has faced persistent insecurity driven by armed banditry, illicit mining, and farmer-herder conflicts. These challenges are closely linked to weak governance, poor implementation of natural resource management policies, and the exclusion of local communities from decision-making processes. Climate change has further intensified pressure on essential resources such as land, water, and forests, undermining rural livelihoods and contributing to instability.
Over the past decade, government responses have largely relied on military operations, including several security campaigns aimed at combating armed groups. While these efforts have achieved some success, they have not addressed the underlying drivers of conflict, particularly competition over natural resources and economic marginalisation. Insecurity persists, and trust in government institutions has declined.
This paper examines the political, economic, and conflict dynamics in northwest Nigeria, focusing on Katsina and Zamfara states. It highlights the importance of adopting non-military approaches alongside security interventions. Key recommendations include strengthening natural resource management policies through inclusive, community-level participation and improving access to justice. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, such as multi-door courthouses, are proposed as effective tools for resolving conflicts, promoting reconciliation, and supporting rehabilitation efforts.
The report emphasises the need for increased investment in resource-based sectors, particularly value-added agriculture and responsible mining, to enhance livelihoods and foster community ownership. Sustainable peace in northwest Nigeria depends on a balanced strategy that includes governance reform, effective resource management, and conflict-sensitive development approaches.
