Economy and Peacebuilding

Economy and Peacebuilding

Overview

It is often said that there can be no development without peace, and no peace without development. The international community now recognises that one of the major elements of strategic peacebuilding is a strong and equitable socio-economic foundation. Since 1999, Alert has been working on a range of initiatives that address economic issues and their links with conflict and peace. This has included work with the business community, including the multinational and local private sector, which operates in conflict zones to ensure that its conduct does not fuel tensions or even violence, but can contribute towards creating a stable political climate instead. In all of our work, we engage and collaborate with civil society organisations and researchers, business communities and governments, including donor agencies, to address the links between economic interventions and conflict and peace through research, awareness raising, capacity building, accompaniment and advocacy.

Where

Click on these links to find out more about our in-country work on these issues in the South Caucasus, Sri Lanka, Nepal, ColombiaSão Tomé & Principe and Uganda.

The analysis emerging from this and other in-country work is fed into our advocacy initiatives at local and global levels with businesses, governments, international institutions and civil society in order to formulate policy recommendations and develop practical guidelines to ensure that all economic interventions avoid ‘doing harm’ and can play a positive role towards building peace.

How

The Economy and Peacebuilding Team’s working methods and approaches differ according to context and initiative, including:

  • Research and publications on relevant issues;
  • Development and dissemination of methods and tools for corporate and development agency audiences;
  • Policy development and policy advocacy;
  • Participation in relevant international policy forums and initiatives;
  • Networking, convening and constituency-building;
  • Development and delivery of trainings for different audiences;
  • Dialogue facilitation and lesson sharing;
  • Partnerships, consultancies and technical assistance with public institutions and private companies to facilitate institutional change;
  • Political economy and conflict analyses to inform Alert’s and others’ programming in this area;
  • Accompaniment and support to Alert’s field programmes.

We offer a number of ‘products’ tailored to specific needs and objectives:

  • Knowledge products – such as reports, articles and books
  • Capacity products – such as resource packs, trainings and training modules
  • Policy products – that summarise and present key advocacy messages

Why

Our vision is of a world where the economic 'peace factors' are strengthened, not undermined.

Our goal is that economic development, investment and trade in conflict-prone and conflict-affected countries strengthen and do not undermine peace. We want to ensure that economic interventions in conflict-prone and conflict-affected countries help to reduce violent conflict and build peace. We therefore aim to enhance the peacebuilding potential of a variety of economic interventions that are key in conflict contexts: the conduct and investment of private companies, the international community’s economic recovery efforts and government policies and practices.

Our Objectives

  • Economic development, trade and investment be informed by an appropriate understanding of their possible impacts on conflict dynamics and peacebuilding potentials;
  • Relevant public and private sector actors use methods, tools and skills to mitigate conflict dynamics and contribute to peacebuilding;
  •  Relevant international institutional set-ups and policies be conflict-sensitive.
Contact Person : 
Diana Klein
Titre: 
Project Manager

Multinationals

Conflict-Sensitivity for Multinational Companies

Over the last decade, multinational companies have begun to pay attention to human rights, the environment and other areas from the perspective of corporate social responsibility, but they often lack the skills and experience to avoid exacerbating instability or violence.
 

Alert believes that by adopting a proactive approach to conflict-sensitive business practice, businesses can reduce risks to their operations in conflict-affected regions and to the communities around them, promote stability and improve relations with local populations. If the economic benefits of their operations are distributed more fairly and transparently, they can play a significant role in building the strong economic foundations that are vital for lasting peace.

We work towards making this possible in three ways – by undertaking research into the links between business and conflict, then developing tools for businesses to use when planning and carrying out work in conflict prone zones, and pushing for the adoption of policy, principles and guidelines so that multinational corporations, governments and multilateral organisations better understand and contribute to building peace. Our CSBP tools and materials have thus far been developed in the following areas:

 

Red flags
Our joint-initiative, with the Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies, serves to alert companies to the risks they face when operating in areas where serious human rights abuses occur.

Extractive Industries
Our toolkit for the oil, gas, mining, and forestry industries was developed over several years with the help and involvement of industry professionals.
Project Finance and Engineering
Our expansion of the original CSBP toolkit examines the role of financial institutions and engineering companies in preventing conflict through their operations.

Currently, our research on the role of financial institutions and engineering companies’ operations in conflict zones has been documented in the following publications:

Influencing public policy

Many international organisations, such as the European Union or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, as well as a number of governments now acknowledge the critical role economic actors play in conflict. They have published key policy documents and are increasingly turning towards the potential of the private sector to contribute to peacebuilding. There is growing debate on the need for clearer international guidelines and constraints on companies operating in conflict prone zones.

In order to ensure that this issue remains on the international agenda, we make specific recommendations at the international policy level to inform thinking on how governments and multi-lateral agencies can integrate conflict-sensitivity into their economy-related policies, for example:

In May 2008, we published the Red Flags document, together with Fafo, drawing on several years of work with other organizations such as Collaborative for Development Action, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, OECD Watch, International Committee of the Red Cross, and Global Witness, to promote a clearer regulatory environment for companies doing business in conflict-prone zones.

Alert is one of seven NGO representatives to the Voluntary Principles on Human Rights and Security Group, which is made up of oil, gas and mining companies, governments and NGOs. The Voluntary Principles aim to guide companies in maintaining the safety and security of their operations within an operating framework that ensures respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

We are also an active member of the UN Global Compact’s multi-stakeholder dialogue on conflict prevention and peacebuilding

 

Contact
Contact Name: 
Diana Klein

Domestic Enterprises

Domestic enterprises building peace

Domestic enterprises building peace
Alert has been supporting local business-led peacebuilding initiatives since 1999, in the South Caucasus, Sri Lanka, Nepal, the Philippines and Uganda, and seeks to document and share their experiences with others to encourage uptake of this important new area for peacebuilding.

The largest research project on the issue to date has culminated in the 2006 report Local Business, Local Peace.

Developed and researched with civil society and business partners from around the world, this report presents more than 20 case studies where the private sector took proactive steps to address violent conflict. It draws out lessons learnt, and takes a critical look at the resulting impacts, both positive and negative.

Why local businesses?

Peacebuilding policies and practices have become more sophisticated over the years due to the attention paid to the negative impact of economic activity in conflict zones. But even during a war, businesses operate: electricity gets generated, water gets supplied, food gets distributed, buses run, planes take off, and regular commercial activities, including banking, continue, although often at a higher cost.

The behaviour of local businesses can potentially fuel conflict but can also find creative ways of coping with insecurity and violence, and often plays a role in promoting peace by ensuring stability through their conduct and presence.

While domestic entrepreneurs often act as community leaders to bridge conflict divides, the peacebuilding and development communities often fail to harness this potential.

What can local business do to support peace?

Based on a review of lessons from over 20 countries, including our and others’ work in this area, we present recommendations on strengthening domestic enterprises’ support to peace in five areas. In each case, local business leaders can bring unique skills and capacities to bear that complement those of other, more traditional, peace constituencies:

For the overall report, including introduction, full individual country case studies, conclusions and summary of findings: Local Business, Local Peace. The report was disseminated widely and served to deepen our engagement with local business and peacebuilding initiatives, including those below.

Resources and support to local business people
 

We support domestic enterprises in promoting peace efforts in a number of ways: accompaniment and advice; dialogue facilitation; and developing resources and training, including for example

Sustaining Business and Peace: a CSR Resource Pack for Small and Medium Enterprises

Over the years, we have worked with a variety of business initiatives and institutions, including:

Contact
Contact Name: 
Diana Klein

International Community

Strengthening the economic dimension of peacebuilding

Strengthening the economic dimension of peacebuilding
Just and lasting peace requires broadly shared economic opportunities. Such opportunities are needed to redress economic issues that fuelled violent conflict in the first place, and to address the economic impacts of conflict on the livelihoods and lives of affected populations.

Indeed strengthening the private sector and market-based economies has become a key concern for development assistance, including in countries affected by conflict. Given the important role that the allocation of resources and lack of economic opportunities play in many conflicts, such economic recovery and development efforts are bound to affect core conflict dynamics, and the economic legacies left by war.

But while the links between peacebuilding and the economy may be obvious, it is less clear how a peacebuilding approach to economic interventions can be achieved in practice, and how they can be made conflict-sensitive. Understanding the ways in which economic interventions can impact conflict dynamics is therefore crucial, and needs to inform programming and implementation.

The objectives of the overall project are three-fold:

1. To identify lessons in order to generate evidence-based resources and guidance for policymakers and practitioners to improve the conflict-sensitivity and peacebuilding impacts of economic interventions

2. To promote uptake of such good practice

3. To put the links between economic recovery and peacebuilding on the agenda of relevant national and international actors through advocacy, outreach and networking

Practice note series

‘Peacebuilding Essentials for Economic Development Practitioners’ is a series of practice notes produced in partnership with leading experts and practitioners from relevant fields. It aims to:

  • Introduce economic development practitioners to key economic recovery and peacebuilding challenges in conflict-affected and post-conflict countries
  • Share lessons and good practice on how to strengthen the economic dimensions of peacebuilding
  • Provide practitioners and planners with the knowledge and tools to ensure that their interventions are conflict-sensitive
  • Promote experience-sharing between economic development and peacebuilding practitioners, to enhance synergies between the two

Topics covered in the series include:

If you are interested in partnering with Alert on this series, please contact Joost van der Zwan

Case study series

The collection of four case studies illustrates the wide range of economic conflict causes, impacts and needs; as well as responses to them in different contexts. Each case study provides a specific ‘snapshot’, focusing on particular economic peacebuilding priorities

For key lessons and recommendations from the studies read: Synthesis Paper. Strenghtening The Economic Dimensions of Peace Building.

Training

The third component of this project is design and delivery of trainings to strengthen the economic dimensions of peacebuilding, for different international and in-country audiences. This includes:

  • A partnership since 2006 with the Swedish Folke Bernadotte Academy and a group of international experts to run an annual, week-long training seminar on The Role of Economic Actors in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding. The aim of the course is to familiarize participants with economic actors and issues that relate to conflict prevention, and to introduce them to strategies and methods for involving them in peacebuilding efforts, including through Local Economic Development planning.
  • The project team also works with Alert’s Training and Learning Team and Transition International to support the delivery of the annual high-level Reintegration of Ex-Combatants: Advanced Training Course, designed to bring together a group of experienced practitioners, policy makers and donors to share best practices and lessons learnt from from reintegration experiences in different parts of the world.

The project team also works to design and delivery tailor-made courses in this area. For inquiries, please contact Joost van der Zwan

Partnership

Aside from research, guidance and training, we respond to ongoing opportunities and invitations for outreach, awareness raising and advisory work, in partnership with different international organisations. Past examples include:

Events

Identifying and promoting good practices

Alert supports the Small Enterprise Education and Promotion (SEEP) Network’s efforts to develop and pilot guidelines for economic recovery after crisis. SEEP is a membership-based organization of over 67 NGOs working in enterprise development. The Economic Recovery Standards are now available for public comments, and will be field-tested in the course of 2009-10.

Commissioned work

We also respond to calls for commissioned work. Past examples include:

Contact
Contact Name: 
Joost van der Zwan

Publications

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This study is the third part of a series analysing economic relations across the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict divide, which appraises the potential of mutual economic interest as a basis for conflict transformation.

Juin, 2013
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REDD+ and the links between forestry, resilience and peacebuilding

This report examines how forestry projects positively and negatively affect pre-existing structures of power, economy, fairness, safety, and wellbeing in Brazil, Indonesia and Uganda.

Mai, 2013
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At the end of 2012 International Alert and Desco organised an event in Lima, Peru aimed at promoting dialogue between government agencies, companies and civil society organisations on social conflict associated with the extractive industry in Peru. This report (available only in Spanish) compiles the presentations made by the speakers.

Avril, 2013
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This report measures the degree and quality of change in the livelihoods of the communities in Uganda's Albertine Graben region, where oil exploration is taking place.

Mars, 2013
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Case study series summary

This report summarises the findings of a series of case studies which explore the socio-economic aspects of reintegration programmes for ex-combatants in Nepal, Liberia and Uganda.

Octobre, 2012
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This case study looks at the rehabilitation of ex-combatants in Liberia, examining the effectivеness of providing livelihood opportunities and psycho-social support.

Octobre, 2012
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This case study discusses the challenges of socio-economic rehabilitation of ex-combatants in Nepal, focusing on the role of the private sector.

Octobre, 2012
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The case study illustrates the difficulties of socio-economic reintegration faced by ex-combatants, young people and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the post-conflict environment of northern Uganda, and highlights the potential role of private sector actors in the process.

Octobre, 2012
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Informal cross-border trade in the Great Lakes region

This research report analyses the dynamics of small cross-border trade at three border points in eastern DRC, and between Burundi and Rwanda, and proposes actions to improve this trade in order to advance the economic power of women and, in so doing, contribute to peace and security in the region. The report is part of an International Alert project aiming to strengthen the business environment of (mostly) female small traders and create opportunities for dialogue and rapprochement between traders and the authorities of the countries concerned. The research is used as an instrument for female traders in campaigns to raise awareness at the four border locations concerned.

Septembre, 2012
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Le commerce informel transfrontalier dans la région des Grands Lacs

Ce rapport de recherche analyse les dynamiques du petit commerce transfrontalier au niveau des 3 frontières à l’Est de la RDC et entre le Burundi et le Rwanda, et propose des actions pour l’amélioration de ce commerce afin de faire avancer le pouvoir économique des femmes et, par là même, contribuer à la paix et à la sécurité dans la région.

Septembre, 2012
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Stakeholder analysis

The report analyses views among business communities on the issue of regulating trans-Ingur/i economic relations and Georgian-Abkhaz conflict transformation. It seeks to deepen understanding of the economic dimensions of peacebuilding, as well as to engage economic actors in peacebuilding in the South Caucasus.

Mars, 2012
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Stakeholder analysis

Данная публикация представляет собой анализ взглядов представителей малого и среднего бизнеса (МСБ) по вопросу урегулирования транс-ингурских экономических отношений и трансформации грузино-абхазского конфликта. Она направлена на углубленное понимание экономического измерения процесса мирного урегулирования, а также на вовлечение экономических акторов в мирное урегулирование на Южном Кавказе.

Mars, 2012
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Views from two banks

This publication contains a collection of articles produced by Abkhaz and Georgian experts on the subject of the political and economic dividends – or losses – that could be brought about by regulating economic relations across the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict divide.

Juillet, 2011
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Views from two banks

Это издание представляет собой сборник статей, подготовленных абхазскими и грузинскими экспертами на тему возможных политических и экономических дивидендов - и потерь – в ситуации регулирования транс-ингурских экономических отношений.
 

Juillet, 2011
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A Legislators' Guide

A framework for managing oil exploration in Uganda with the aim of becoming a helpful tool for legislators.

Mai, 2011
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

This practice note explains the importance of using a conflict-sensitive approach to land policy and land governance in conflict-prone or conflict- affected contexts in Africa.

Avril, 2011
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Roots of violent conflict in Eastern DRC

This study identifies disputed control over land as a root cause of conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on the complex interplay of ethnic identity, acccess to land and access to power.

Novembre, 2010
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An Analysis of the Mining Sector in the Kivu Hinterlands

Analysis of the mining sector in the Kivu Hinterlands and identifies mining sites, transport means and the export routes that operate mainly though the commercial centres of Bukavu, Goma and Butembo.

Novembre, 2010
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Une Analyse du Secteur Minier dans l’Arrière-pays du Kivu

Ce rapport identifie les sites miniers du Nord et du Sud-Kivu décrit les principaux modes de transport et les voies d’exportation passant principalement par les plates-formes commerciales de Bukavu, Goma et Butembo.

Novembre, 2010
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Les Causes Profondes des Violents Conflits dans l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo

This study identifies disputed control over land as a root cause of conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The report focuses on conflicts between customary and state-run land tenure systems, as well as claims by some communities to “indigenous” status which are used to relegate others to “migrant” or “foreigner” status. Waves of population displacement have created overlapping claims to land, and an ongoing process of refugee return is currently increasing tensions over these claims in parts of Eastern DRC. The report examines efforts to manage this return process and offers recommendations for action by local and international actors.

Novembre, 2010
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A report analyses networks within the mining sector and their links to military, economic and political actors in eastern DRC, focusing on the provinces of North and South Kivu, and Ituri District in Orientale Province.

Novembre, 2010
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Le Cas de l’Est de la RDC

Bien que de nombreuses études publiées au cours de la décennie qui vient de s’écouler aient souligné le rôle central joué par l’exploitation minière artisanale et à petite échelle du coltan, de l’or et de la cassitérite dans les conflits qui continuent de secouer la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), le mode opératoire des différents acteurs participant à l’exploitation et au commerce de ces minerais reste mal connu. Il est crucial que des initiatives visant à réformer l’industrie de l’exploitation minière artisanale se basent sur une analyse approfondie des dynamiques politiques, économiques et sociales sur le terrain. Ce rapport de recherche analyse les réseaux commerciaux au sein du secteur minier et leurs liens avec les acteurs militaires, économiques et politiques de l’est de la RDC, en se focalisant sur les provinces du Nord et du Sud-Kivu, du district de l'Ituri et de la Province Orientale.

Novembre, 2010
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

Options for economic development planners and practitioners for promoting accountable and conflict-sensitive governance of natural resource wealth.

Octobre, 2010
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Key Resources for Practitioners

Helps private sector development (PSD) practitioners make better and timelier interventions in conflict affected environments (CAEs), and to have a positive effect on all aspects of conflict management and peace-building.

Octobre, 2010
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Small-Scale Trade and Improving Cross-Border Relations between Goma (DR Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda)

This report analyses this trade between the towns of Goma (DR Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda) and the relationship between Congolese and Rwandese women traders, in order to understand the impact that improving this trade would have on good neighborly relations, peace and security.

Septembre, 2010
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Women's Economic Opportunities in Post-War Northern Uganda

This report explores dynamics in the peace economy in northern Uganda, with a focus on women’s economic and political status, and the extent to which government and development partner recovery interventions are sensitive to these issues.

Septembre, 2010
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

The possible impacts of political peace processes on post-conflict economic recovery and implications for economic development planning during these transition periods.

Septembre, 2010
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

What economic development planners and practitioners can do to support the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants.

Septembre, 2010
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National-Level Implementation Guidance Note

This document aims to provide guidance to those interested in initiating or supporting a national‐level process to implement the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights.

Août, 2010
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Petit Commerce et Amélioration des relations transfrontalières entre Goma (RD Congo) et Gisenyi (Rwanda)
Juin, 2010
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