This paper argues that at the core of the problem of persistent violence in Mindanao is the exclusionary political economy that is developed and sustained through a complex system of contest and violence. “Rebellion-related” violence relating to the vertical armed challenges against the infrastructure of the state combines with “inter- or intra-clan and group violence” relating to horizontal armed challenges between and among families, clans, and tribes.
This paper argues that at the core of the problem of persistent violence in Mindanao is the exclusionary political economy that is developed and sustained through a complex system of contest and violence.